教會論與教會生活-林慈信(41集) - 41 - 《教會論與教會生活》林慈信博士 -第41講
Living in Christ’s Church
session 41
我們繼續講長老治會的制度
Presbyterians appeal to
the Old Testament background,
長老會人士會訴諸於根據舊約的背景
to the councils of elders
in the communities of Israel
以色列不同群體裡面的長老
和他們所聚集、所開的會議
and to the function of elders
in the New Testament church,
另外就是根據新約教會的長老們
他們的功能
particularly in the council of
Jerusalem described in Acts 15.
特別是在使徒行傳十五章
所描述的耶路撒冷會議
The presbytery is mentioned
in 1 Timothy 4:14
長老會議特別是在提摩太前書
第四章14節提到的
and it was to the elders of Jerusalem
that Barnabas and Paul
brought a relief offering
而巴拿巴跟保羅
把救濟窮人的奉獻
帶到耶路撒冷的眾長老的面前
Paul points out to the Corinthian
church the need for church courts
保羅向哥林多教會指出
他們需要有教會的法庭
就是審判的一個會議
composed of wise men who can
settle congregational disputes
由智慧的弟兄組成
他們能夠處理爭辯
so that cases will not be
taken before heathen judges
好叫這些爭執不必帶到
世界上的審判官那裡
哥林多前書第六章1~6節
The graded assemblies of the
presbyterian system
長老治會的制度有一個、兩個、三個
不同層次的會議
are an application of the principles
apparent in the council of Jerusalem.
就是耶路撒冷會議裡面
很清楚表明的原則的一個應用
That meeting of the apostles and elders
closely resembled the Jewish Sanhedrin.
那次的使徒們跟長老們的聚會
就很像猶太人的長老的會議
t was a council that represented
the New Israel,
這個是代表新以色列的會議
unified under the apostles
都在使徒之下合而為一
but governed by them
in association with elders.
可是,是使徒們與長老們
一同做治理工作的
Just as the presbytery of a city church
就正如一個城市教會的長老會
譬如說,使徒行傳第一節,安提阿
would be concerned about
its peculiar responsibilities,
一個城市,比如說安提阿教會的長老會
就要關注於他們個別的責任
so a more representative assembly
could deal with broader questions.
同樣地,一個更有代表性的大會
就可以處理更廣的問題了
In the presbyterian structure
在長老治會的架構裡
the local church is governed
by the session,
地方教會的治理團體叫做
堂會或者堂議事會
composed of the teaching and ruling
elders of the congregation.
這個堂會就是那個教會的
教導長老和治理長老們所組成的
The presbytery
那麼,區會呢
brings together the ministers and
representative ruling elders
of the regional church.
區會台灣人稱為中會
就聚集一個地區上教會裡的牧師們
和有代表性的治理長老
Since there are fewer teaching elders
既然一般來說都是
教導長老少於治理長老
and since doctrinal issues
concerning them
make it expedient that they be judged by
an assembly containing other ministers,
而特別是教義上的問題
最好就是由一個眾牧師的一個聚集
來處理、來判斷
the membership of ministers is
lodged at the regional level
rather than at the local level.
因此在長老制度裡面
牧師們的會籍是在區會
而不是在地方教會
Acts 13:1 describes a meeting of the
teachers of the city church at Antioch.
使徒行傳第十三章1節所描述的是
在安提阿這個城市的教會的
眾教師們的會議
Synods or General Assemblies
大會或者總會
represent larger regions
or the whole church.
就代表更大的區域或者整個教會
While providing for a series
of broader assemblies
長老會提供地區
或者更廣、更廣,不同層次的會議
the presbyterian system also
seeks to safeguard the rights
of the more local assemblies of elders.
與此同時,長老制度也保護地方上
長老的會議的權柄
Those who are closest to a situation
are usually best qualified to deal with it.
那些最靠近問題的長老們
應該是最有資格去處理這些問題的
Yet the broader assemblies have the
responsibility for providing for
the scriptural conduct of the life of the
church as it concerns the whole region.
可是那些比較更廣的、地區性的
或者整個教會的那些聚會
他們有責任來為那些關心整個教會的
信仰和生活的問題
處理這些問題
We see how this was done
at the council of Jerusalem
我們就看到在耶路撒冷的會議
就是如此的
所以是整個的教會來處理一些
教義和生活上的問題
The discipline of the church
is the order of the Spirit,
教會的紀律或者懲戒事工
就是聖靈所賜的秩序
conducted in the love of the Lord.
在主耶穌基督的愛裡
從事這些紀律事工的
It begins not with censures or
excommunication
懲戒的出發點不是責備或者是開除會籍
but with daily caring and nurture.
乃是從每天的
對會眾的培育照顧開始
Christians encourage one another
to love and good works.
基督徒彼此鼓勵、活出愛心
做出好行為
At the same time, since the church is
composed of redeemed sinners,
同時,既然教會是由被贖的罪人所組成的
correction and rebuke is also necessary.
所以糾正和責備也是必須的
When Christ assigned the keys
of the kingdom to the officers
of the New Testament church
當耶穌基督將新約教會的天國的鑰匙
給教會的任職人員的時候
he described the process of discipline
that was to be followed
祂就描述了紀律或懲戒
所必須遵循的那個步驟
In instances of personal offense,
personal reconciliation was
to be sought first.
假如是個人得罪一個個人
第一步就是盡量追求和睦
彼此的和睦
Only if an offender would not heed
the pleas of the one wronged
and of witnesses was he to be
brought before a church tribunal.
只是當那個犯罪的
不願意聽他所得罪的對方的勸告
也不願意聽見證人的勸告的時候
他才被帶到教會的審判的那個會議
Without discipline in both
moral and doctrinal matters
假如教會在道德上、在教義上
沒有懲戒或紀律事工的話
the church cannot kept faithful to the
apostolic teaching and ordinances
教會就不可能對使徒們的教訓和典章
忠誠地順服
and to the responsibilities
of mutual fellowship
也不可能盡責彼此相交
經文有好多處
教會要順服使徒的吩咐
要悔改、要受洗
教會要遵守使徒的教訓,就是聖經
還有彼此的交通
交通是在順服使徒的教訓的大前提之下
所以要順服那些聖靈所立的監督們
這裡講到哥林多教會有一個人
犯了亂倫的事
保羅說
這裡有一個個案就是
使徒保羅吩咐教會要執行懲戒
只有聖經和聖靈能夠看透人的心
我們人不能
這是另外一個形式的管教
就是不要跟那些
犯罪而不聽管教的人相交
Discipline has for its primary purpose
the glory of God and the vindication
of the honor of Christ
管教的主要目的是上帝的榮耀
然後高舉基督的尊榮
哥林多後書六章14節~七章1節
我們要聖潔
要潔淨
以西結書三十六章20,21節
羅馬書二章24節
It also seeks to reclaim
those who have offended
我們也要挽回那些犯罪的人
懲戒要挽回他們
to maintain the purity of the church
要維持教會的聖潔
參考第十一章27節
懲戒也是要人避免犯罪
還有避免上帝的審判
參考啟示錄二章14~25節
所以這些是懲戒的目的
上帝的榮耀、高舉基督的尊榮
挽回犯罪的
保持教會的聖潔
免得人犯罪,警告人不要犯罪
避免上帝的審判
Not all discipline in the church is
concerned with offenses
those things in the doctrine or life of a
church member that are contrary to the word of God
教會的懲戒不都是處理犯罪的事
不論是一個會友的信仰或者生活
違背了上帝的話
There are many wise procedures to be followed
in ordering the function of church government.
還有其他一些管教的事情
就是一些步驟
如何讓教會能夠井井有條地運作
This operational discipline is
administrative
這些運作性的管教是行政性的
in distinction from judicial discipline.
與那些治法的管教不一樣
就是與那些責備、懲戒的不一樣
A presbytery for example may be
concerned about its boundaries,
譬如說一個區會要設定它地理上的範圍
or some members of a presbytery
may complain against an action
that they believe to be mistaken.
或者某某在區會裡的成員
他們會來控告說
區會一個舉動、一個決定是錯誤的
In such matters no individual
is being charged with an offense.
在這些事情上,沒有人控告任何人士犯了罪
Judicial discipline is carefully defined
to protect the rights of those who
may be accused of an offense
治法那種責備性的管教
是有很謹慎定義的
為要保護那些被控告的人的權利
and to provide scriptural remedies
when someone is found guilty.
而當某某人的罪名成立的時候
我們也要找出解決的方法
從聖經找出這些方法
It is evident from the New Testament
從新約聖經我們看非常明顯的是
juridical process must be followed
必須要用好像法庭、法律這種的步驟
and that this is to be done not
in the flesh but in the Spirit,
不是用血氣執行
乃是在聖靈中執行
seeking always the repentance that
would make further trial unnecessary
我們的目標就是盼望人悔改
好叫將來不需要在有這種管教懲戒
參考哥林多前書五章2~13節
哥林多後書二章5~11節
馬太福音十八章17節
False teaching as well as immoral living
may be the ground for discipline
不單單是不道德的生活
錯誤的教導也可能是
管教懲戒的原因
羅馬書十六章17節
提多書三章10節
提摩太前書一章19,20節
約翰貳書10,11節
加拉太書一章8節
啟示錄二章14節和20節
Of course the need of the church to
protect its members from heresy
是的,教會必須要保護它的會友
免受異端的影響
requires consistent and clear
teaching of the truth.
因此必須有清楚的、一致的
真理的教導事工
Formal discipline is needed only when a
person refuses to heed sound teaching
and seeks to propagate error.
什麼時候才需要正式的懲戒呢?
就是當人不願意聽純正的道理的教導
也從事一種散播錯誤的教導的時候
If a person is found guilty of an offense
假如有人罪名成立他犯了罪
the elders must still consider what
is the most appropriate way
to discipline and correct the offender.
眾長老們還是要考慮
來管教這個、糾正這一位犯罪的人
什麼是最恰當的方法
In some cases a warning admonishing
the individual may be sufficient
有的時候只是要警告、勸勉那個個人就夠了
提摩太前書五章20節
提多書一章9節,一章13節
提多書二章15節
In other cases the· person may be
suspended from the exercise of his office
有的時候,這個人就不許再執行他的職分
or from the Lord’s Supper
或者不能領聖餐
哥林多前書十一章27節
帖撒羅尼迦後書三章6~15節
The final censure is excommunication.
最後的懲罰就是開除某某人的會籍
Even this solemn exclusion
from the church of Jesus Christ
甚至這個開除一個人
離開耶穌基督的教會
is not the pronouncing of
final judgment, however,
也不是宣告最後的審判
since the prayer of the church
is that the sinner will repent
and be restored to fellowship
因為教會的禱告就是
這位罪人願意有一天悔改
被挽回,回到教會的相交
馬太福音十八章15~17節
提多書三章10節
哥林多前書五章4節,5,11節
提摩太前書一章20節
約翰壹書五章19節
歌羅西書一章3節
以弗所書二章12節
加拉太書一章9節
哥林多前書十六章22節
In the life of the church there must be
sorrow over sin as well as joy over grace.
在教會的生活中,不單單為了罪有憂傷
因為恩典的緣故,也應該有喜樂的
Faithful discipline in the church is the
deep concern not only of the apostles
but of the Lord of the church,
不單單是使徒們
教會的主耶穌基督也非常關心
教會忠心地執行管教懲戒
as is clear from the letters to the
churches in Revelation.
從主耶穌在啟示錄
寫給七個教會的信可以看出
If the lampstand of the church
is to be a light to the nations
教會的燈臺若是萬國之光的話
it must burn with a pure flame of
obedience to Christ.
燈臺的火焰必須是純正的、聖潔的
順服基督的火焰
溫習問題,五題
and has revealed his will in Scripture
因為耶穌基督治理祂的教會
也在聖經啟示了基督的旨意
there are limitations on the power
of church government.
因此,治理教會的權柄是有限制的
Church power is spiritual, not
教會的權利是屬靈的,不是
It is not imperial but .
不是帝王式的,是
It is declarative, not
是宣告性的,不是__
第二題
The church is an organism.
教會是身體、是生命體
What are the implications of that
for church government?
教會是生命體
對教會治理的制度有什麼含意呢?
第三
Do church elders derive their authority
from the people they represent?
長老們的權柄是不是
他們所代表的百姓那裡而來的呢?
第四
How does presbyterian government differ
from congregational independency?
長老治理教會的制度,與獨立教會的會眾制
在什麼地方是不同的呢?
第五
教會的管教
church discipline
What are the purposes of church discipline?
教會管教或者懲戒的目的有哪些呢?
Discussion Questions
討論問題,五題
第一題
Why cannot the state use the power of
the sword to enforce church discipline?
政府為什麼不可以配劍
就是用監獄、懲罰等等
來執行教會的管教呢?
第二
How do the graded courts or governing
assemblies of presbyterian government
seek to reflect the biblical
doctrine of the church?
長老會是有一、二、三、四
不同層次的會議或者法庭的
這樣做是如何反映出聖經的教會觀呢?
第三
Why should Christians not settle· their
disputes before secular courts (1 Cor. 6:1-7)?
哥林多前書第六章1~7節
基督徒為什麼不應該在
世界的法庭裡面處理他們的爭執呢?
How should such matters be
handled in your church?
那在你的教會應該如何處理這些問題呢?
第四題
Discuss the relationship of church
government and discipline
to the Great Commission.
請討論
治理教會的制度和管教
與大使命有什麼關係呢?
參考馬太福音第二十八章18~20節
第五,最後一題
How many of you have been counseled
or admonished
in the past six weeks by a fellow Christian
outside the immediate family?
你們有哪一位在過去六個星期
有一位基督徒,不是你的家人
曾經輔導過你或者勸誡過你的呢?
Was the admonition lovingly given?
這種勸誡是不是出自愛心的勸誡呢?
What about expressions of
encouragement and support?
有沒有基督徒給你鼓勵、支持呢?
What may we learn from the discipline
of our children about church discipline?
(Eph. 6:1-4)
我們從以弗所書六章1~4節
如何管教我們的兒女這段經文
有學到什麼樣的原則
用來執行教會的管教或者懲戒呢?
全書完
林慈信博士在台灣錄製《教會論與教會生活》系列,這專題是林牧師特別為教會中的平信徒、長老、與執事預備的,是對教會的建造有益的。這專題是出於威敏斯特神學院,克羅尼院長的著作。克羅尼院長也曾是林牧師的老師。《教會論與教會生活》Living in Christ’s Church (Great Commission Publications)這本書是眾多成人主日學教科書之一,由PCA(美國改革宗長老會)與OPC(信正長老會)兩宗派合辦的主日學教材出版社所出版的書,也是專為平信徒而寫的書。