教會論與教會生活-林慈信(41集) - 30 - 《教會論與教會生活》林慈信博士 -第30講
Living in Christ’s Church
session 30
我們上一講開始了第十章
我們開始講使徒是什麼
使徒是耶穌基督所委派的
為祂正式地作見證的人
我們讀過使徒行傳第一章20節
和詩篇109篇8節
講到猶大被拒絕了
所以需要有一個取代他的地位的
一個使徒
That passage also indicates
那段經文也指出
the qualifications that
an apostle had to meet:
指出一個使徒必須要符合的資格
he must be one who was
in the group that followed Jesus
from the time of John’s baptism
to the ascension
and who was a witness
of the resurrection.
這個人必須是與耶穌一起
跟隨耶穌的人
從施洗約翰的施洗
一直到主耶穌的升天
而這個人必須也是目睹耶穌的復活
When Matthias was chosen
by lot from two candidates
當馬提亞從兩個候選人
抽籤被選出來的時候
he was numbered with the eleven.
他就參加了其他十一個使徒的行列
The number of the apostles
was fixed at twelve:
使徒的數目定在十二位
they represented the heads of the
tribes of the New Israel (Matt. 19:28).
因為使徒們就代表著
新以色列的十二個支派
wo aspects of the work of witness are
evident the calling of the apostles.
使徒們所領受的呼召
作為見證人
他們的工作有兩個層面
First, they were witnesses as heralds,
首先,他們作為見證人
他們是先鋒
heralds
sent forth with the good news
of Christ and his salvation
他們帶著耶穌基督和祂的救恩的好消息
被差遣出去
the word apostle means “sent”
「使徒」那個字的意思就是被差遣的
and the apostles
were Christ’s ambassadors,
使徒們就是耶穌基督的使者
sent to make him known
in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria
and to the ends of the earth.
他們被差遣在耶路撒冷、猶大全地
撒瑪利亞直到地極
讓人認識基督
As the Father sent Jesus into the world
正如父差遣耶穌進入到世界
so he sent his apostles
into the world (John 17:18).
同樣地,基督差遣使徒們進入到世界
這個是耶穌基督向父禱告的一句話
使徒們是先鋒
是出去宣講的
Second, they were witnesses as teachers.
第二,他們身為見證人
他們是教師
It was their task to bear witness
to what they had heard
as well as what they had seen.
他們的任務不單單是見證他們所看見的
也是見證他們所聽到的
They had not only heard the words of
Jesus’ teaching during his ministry,
他們不單單聽到耶穌
在地上傳道的時候所講過的話
they had also enjoyed the special
ministry of Jesus after his resurrection.
他們也有特權
在耶穌復活之後領受耶穌特別的教導
Further, Jesus promised
not only to bring to their memory
what they had seen and heard
不但如此
耶穌向他們應許
必使他們記得他們所看到的
所聽到的
不但如此
but also to reveal other things
that they could not receive
until after his earthly ministry was finished.
耶穌也應許要向他們啟示其他的事情
是一定要等到耶穌
地上的工作完成了之後
才能夠領受的
When Paul, therefore, tells us that
the church is built upon the
foundation of the apostles and prophets,
因此
當保羅告訴我們
教會是建立在使徒們
和先知們的根基上的時候
he explains how this is the case.
他就解釋
使徒們和先知們如何是教會的根基
The mystery of Christ “has been revealed
unto his holy apostles and
prophets in the Spirit” (Eph. 3:5).
The apostles are organs of revelation.
使徒們是上帝啟示的管道
The witness of the apostles, therefore,
has both a missionary function
and a foundational function.
因此
使徒們作的見證
有宣教的功能
也有奠定根基的功能
The church is planted in the world
through the mission of the apostles-
透過使徒們的宣教使命
教會植根於世界
-it is founded forever
upon the teaching of the apostles.
教會根據使徒們的教導
永遠打好根基了
To be sure, the Great Commission is
fulfilled through the work of evangelists
and of the whole church.
沒有錯
大使命是透過傳福音的人
和整個教會的事奉而完成的
William Carey’s contemporaries
made a bad mistake
克理威廉的同代
有一個很錯誤的想法
when they concluded that the
missionary task had been in principle
completed by the apostles
(cf Col. 1:6, Rom. 15:19).
他們錯誤地以為
使徒們已經完成了
原則上完成了宣教的任務了
參考歌羅西書第一章
和羅馬書第十五章19節
他們錯誤地以為
好了,使徒已經把福音傳遍天下了
作出錯誤的結論
In the evangelizing of the world,
the missionary function
of the apostles continues.
當教會向世界傳福音的時候
使徒們的宣教的功能
是持續下去的
不是在他們一代就已經完成了
With respect to their
foundational function, however,
可是
當我們看到使徒們
奠定教會的根基這個功能的時候
the work of the apostles is final.
使徒們的工作是最後的
The apostle Paul goes to great
effort to establish the remarkable fact
that his calling is genuinely apostolic.
使徒保羅用盡他的力量
去證明一件事就是
他所領受的呼召
真正是使徒的呼召
He is as one untimely born
他好像一個未到產期而生的一樣
who does not deserve to be called
an apostle (1 Cor. 15:8, 9)
他不配被上帝呼召作使徒
but who has nevertheless been
called by the risen Lord.
但是
保羅總之被復活的主呼召了
He is a witness of the
resurrection with the eleven
他與其他十一位使徒一起
見證基督的復活
and yields to none
in his apostolic authority.
當他執行他使徒的權柄的時候
他不會讓給別人的
He is indeed the last of the
apostles (1 Cor. 15:8),
是的,他是使徒中最後的一位
哥林多前書十五章8節
not in an incidental way
不是說在事情的先後是最後
but as the one called to carry
the gospel to the Gentiles
乃是說他是上帝所呼召
把福音傳到外邦人中間
and to formulate the
fullness of the gospel.
同時也是他講出、寫下完備的福音
The finality of Christ’s work as prophet
is sealed to the church
through apostolic teaching.
耶穌基督是最後的先知
耶穌基督先知性的工作是最後的
這個最後的先知的工作
透過使徒們的教導
就在教會上印了印
God spoke in many different ways
through Old Testament prophets,
上帝藉著舊約的先知們
多次多方地曉諭了
but he has now spoken
finally through his Son.
但現在最後的
祂透過祂的兒子曉諭了
The Spirit inspired the apostles
聖靈默示使徒們
and the New Testament prophets to
bring that word to us (Heb. 1:1, 2; 2:3, 4)
還有默示了新約的先知們
把這個話,就是最後的話
傳給我們
所以聖靈默示使徒們和先知們
將這個最後的、末後的話
傳遞給我們
and the miraculous signs of an apostle
sealed their ministry (2 Cor. 12:12).
使徒們行神蹟奇事的這些記號
就是他們使徒的工作的印證
哥林多後書第十二章12節
神蹟是使徒們的印證
The foundational office of the apostle
has not continued in the church.
使徒們這個奠定教會的根基
這個職分
並沒有在教會維持下去
he temple of God is founded once for all
in the revelation of Christ.
當基督彰顯的時候
一次性地,上帝的聖殿就奠定根基了
he foundation of God stands sure.
上帝的根基是穩固的
It does not need to be relaid.
不必再一次奠定根基
The foundational doctrine
and order of the church
have been established
by apostolic authority.
教會的基礎性的教義和秩序
都是藉著使徒們的權柄建立了
Paul sends his apostolic instructions
not only to Corinth
but ordains them for
all the churches (1 Cor. 7:17).
保羅把他的使徒的吩咐
不單寄給哥林多的教會
也指定給所有的教會要遵行
If anyone does not recognize apostolic
authority, he is to be ignored.
若有任何人,特別是教師們
不承認使徒們的權柄
就不要理睬他
What the apostle writes is the commandment
of the Lord (1 Cor. 14:37, 38)
使徒們所寫的
是主自己的吩咐
或者誡命
The Roman Catholic church
has claimed to be apostolic
because of the authority of
the Pope as the “Vicar of Christ”
and the successor to the apostle Peter.
羅馬天主教聲稱自己有使徒性
因為他們認為
教皇就是基督在地上的代表
有祂的權柄
而且教皇就是繼承了彼得使徒的職位的
But the office of the twelve apostles
cannot be continued (Acts 1:21).
可是
使徒的職分是不可以持續下去的
就是都是要跟耶穌基督
在地上的工作有關
要見證耶穌基督,與祂在一起的
十二個使徒的職分是沒有傳下去的
The true apostolicity
of the church is seen
as the church abides
in apostolic doctrine.
當教會遵守、持守住
使徒們的教義、教導的時候
教會就是真正的使徒性的教會
Apostolicity means gospel orthodoxy.
教會的使徒性就是
教會在福音上的信仰是正統的
我們來講使徒性之後的
第二個教會的特點或者屬性
The Church Is Holy
The apostolicity of the church
binds the church to the truth of Christ.
教會的使徒性
讓教會連結於基督的真理
The holiness of the church manifests
the fruit of that truth in the life of Christ.
而教會的聖潔性
就彰顯這個真理所結出的果子
這個果子就是基督的生命
基督的真理,基督的生命
Apostolicity means orthodoxy,
使徒性就是信仰的正統
holiness means “orthopraxis”
而聖潔就是指
正確的行為或者實踐
-right doctrine expressed in right living.
正確的教義
用正確的生活表達出來
This characteristic of the church
also flows directly from the union
of the church with Jesus Christ.
教會這方面的特點
也是直接因為教會與耶穌基督的合一
而自然地流出的
We are called to be holy
as he is holy (1 Pet. 1:15, 16).
神呼召我們聖潔
正如祂是聖潔的一樣
God’s holiness expresses both
his exalted deity and his moral purity.
上帝的聖潔表達了祂至高的神性
祂的聖潔也表達了祂道德的純潔
The whole structure of the ceremonial law
with its concept of “clean” and “unclean”
symbolized separation to God.
整個舊約裡獻祭禮儀的律法
裡面有什麼是潔淨的
什麼是不潔淨
整個禮儀律的結構
就象徵著要向上帝分別為聖
分別出來
Because God was in the midst of the camp,
因為上帝在營中
the camp must be “clean” (Deut. 23:14).
營必須是潔淨的
Paul applies the language of
ceremonial separation to the life
of the New Testament church.
保羅把舊約這種禮儀裡
分別為聖的字句
用在新約教會的生活上
As the holy people of God
我們身為上帝聖潔的子民
we must cleanse ourselves from all
defilement of flesh and spirit,
我們必須從肉體和靈裡的污穢自潔
perfecting holiness in the
fear of God (2 Cor. 6:14-7:1).
敬畏上帝
這樣子使我們的聖潔得以完全
Holiness has a double aspect:
聖潔有兩個層面上的意義
negatively it means separation from sin
and from an “unequal yoke”
with unbelievers;
消極的、負面那一面
聖潔的意思就是
從罪分別出來
從不相配的軛
就是與非信徒同負一軛,分別出來
positively
積極的、正面的
it means a growing intimacy of
adoring fellowship with God.
聖潔的意思就是
越來越親近神
越來越以敬拜讚美
與上帝交通
Because the life of holiness
seeks the Lord himself
因為聖潔的生活是追求主祂自己
it will ever be sensitive to his word.
所以聖潔的生活
必定是對主的話很敏感的
True sanctity is not an
ineffable ecstasy of devotion
that makes life in the world irrelevant,
真正的聖潔不是一種說不出來的
專一愛主的顛峰狀態
這樣子,讓在世界上生活
就毫無相關、毫無意義
不是這樣子的
it is love for God that finds delight
in his commandments.
真正的聖潔是愛神
而且喜悅祂的誡命
But holiness, because it does seek God,
never makes of God’s commandments
an impersonal code for scoring points.
就是因為聖潔是追求上帝
從來就不會讓上帝的誡命
成為一個非位格的、抽象的
一些規矩
用來自己得分數
Rather, God’s word is a delight
不是的,上帝的話是一個聖徒的喜樂
because it is the word
of our heavenly Father.
因為這是我們天上的父親所講的話
In obedience we express our
love for him who first loved us.
我們順服,就表達出我們對祂的愛
因為祂先愛我們
It is the Lord who sanctifies his church
by the Holy Spirit
(1 Thess. 5:23, 24; 2 Thess. 2:13).
是主親自用聖靈
來使祂的教會成聖的
主藉著聖靈使教會成聖
The imperative to holiness
上帝命令我們要聖潔
(“Be holy!”)
務要聖潔
is always grounded in the
indicative of saving grace-
都是建立在
上帝拯救我們的恩典的事實上
”You are a holy nation!”
(1 Pet. 1:15-19; 2:9).
你們是一個聖潔的國度
你們務要聖潔,因為你們
本身就是一個聖潔的國度
我們下一講繼續來講
教會的聖潔
然後就來到第三個屬性或者特點
教會是普世的
林慈信博士在台灣錄製《教會論與教會生活》系列,這專題是林牧師特別為教會中的平信徒、長老、與執事預備的,是對教會的建造有益的。這專題是出於威敏斯特神學院,克羅尼院長的著作。克羅尼院長也曾是林牧師的老師。《教會論與教會生活》Living in Christ’s Church (Great Commission Publications)這本書是眾多成人主日學教科書之一,由PCA(美國改革宗長老會)與OPC(信正長老會)兩宗派合辦的主日學教材出版社所出版的書,也是專為平信徒而寫的書。